The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition

Attention high school students about to graduate, job applicants, aspiring attorneys and diplomats, or anyone who has written a love letter: the struggle for accurate expression can be a bittersweet challenge, but it must be taken up. All of society depends on it. Written expression is the oil in social machinery. Failure to make a coherent point can be devastating to purpose. To sum it up succinctly: language matters. The Elements of Style, by Strunk and White, is the standard volume for linguistic clarification. Short, comprehensive, and indispensable, it is the definitive source for its subject. The greater your understanding and use of language, the greater your power to define terms and control events. Language mimics a living organism. Language has character and identity. Though its rules can be vague and full of contradictions, language should be effectively understood to be knowledgeably used. Somewhat magically, The Elements of Style directly answers most questions of usage. Improper usage is painful to see written, and lands with a dull thud when heard in the ear of the knowledgeable. For example, a common mistake in usage, is to say “Between he and I.” The word “between” is a preposition, and therefore takes a third person pronoun. Properly stated, the phrase is “Between him and me.” The proper use of that and which, and further and farther is swiftly explained, as well as the accurate use of punctuation when using parentheses. This small compendium is divided into five parts: Elementary Rules of Usage, Elementary Rules of Composition, A Few Matters of Form, Words and Expressions Commonly Misused, and An Approach to Style (with a list of reminders). The authors offer practical advice but acknowledge that writing well is a mysterious process. First rate writers are rarely satisfied with their work. Norman Mailer wrote, “Good writing is not an act to inspire confidence because it is good, but anguish because it is not better.” This may be because variables are infinite and good style eludes definition. Writers express genius and craft in varying degrees. Craft can be taught; genius is innate and cannot be taught. The authors offer modest avowal: “There is no infallible guide to good writing, no assurance that a person who thinks clearly will be able to write clearly…writers will often find themselves steering by stars that are disturbingly in motion.” For the majority of the ungifted, which is to say most of us, The Elements of Style, by Strunk and White, is an indispensable volume, and should be, like a dictionary, within arm’s reach. —Tom Casey

This classic style manuscript is only a few dollars but is worth its weight in gold. Why is that? Because it teaches you how to use words to form proper sentences. The result is writing that communicates a clear, robust and precise message. Good writing never leaves the reader bewildered. Instead, good writing arouses and holds the reader’s attention; it calls up mental pictures whose size exceeds the writing itself. Accordingly, Elements of Style equips the writer with greater technical skill and is overflowing with best practices. It also benefits your reader, who will no longer flounder in the sea of ambiguity. After reading this book, I now realize how bankrupt modern writing is; this includes my own writing. Elements has five parts: (I) Elementary Rules of Usage (II) Elementary Principles of Compositions (III) A Few Matters of Form (IV) Misused Words and Expressions (V) An Approach to Style. Parts I-IV deal with the science of writing. Part V deals with the art of writing. It is in parts I and II that you will find the famous “22 Rules.” These commandments provide timeless lessons such as (#16) “Use definite, specific, concrete language” and (#17) “Omit needless words.” Under each heading, the author gives a few examples of sentences that can be improved by application of the rule along with a one-page summary. As a bonus, the author has a style of writing that is sharp and witty. This creates a read that is both informative and entertaining. Overall, this small book can be finished quickly, but you will likely return to mine nuggets of literary wisdom many times. For any writer, this book is the type that you buy and keep in a permanent spot in your library.

I've been forced to lighten my book load over 23 household moves across several decades, but I'll never get rid of my vintage copy of EOS. I write and edit for a living, but even if I didn’t, I wouldn't donate this life-changing book. I don't use that adjective lightly. EOS taught me valuable lessons about what makes good writing. Good writing caused my career to take off. So yes, it changed my life. It's a small book, 85 pages. No words are wasted. Contents are divided into well-defined areas: Elementary Rules of Usage, Elementary Principles of Composition, A Few Matters of Form, Words and Expressions Commonly Misused, and An Approach to Style. This last helped me the most. As an English major many years ago, I understood the rules of language such as grammar, sentence structure, etc., but long after I left graduate school I was still developing a sense for style. It's best not to leave style to the fickleness of your creative muse. Authors William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White revealed to me why certain ways of writing irritate the reader, something I had known all along, but only in the back of my mind. Their assertions brought these irritants to the forefront, and oh how my writing improved when I scrubbed them from my pages. EOS is well titled: "Elements," meaning it focuses on the basic, discrete parts of writing, the foundation of any composition. If you get these wrong, everything is wrong; therefore EOS is an ideal book if you are just starting as a writer. Writing instructors know this. EOS is required reading in many entry-level college composition classes. For easy reference it contains an index and is written in simple language. It’s designed for newbies. You need this book whether you write professionally or limit your essays to arguing with strangers on Facebook. I highly recommend that everyone read it annually. I do.

My review of this classic is not seminal or necessary. The Elements of Style is the most frequently assigned text in the Open Syllabus Project’s index of seven million US academic syllabi. Time Magazine and The Guardian have both numbered it among the most influential nonfiction books of the last century. It has sold over ten million copies in its various editions since 1959 and is strongly endorsed by some of the greatest writers of our time, including Stephen King. However, in the words of E.B. White himself, “the true writer always plays to an audience of one.” This is for me. This handbook began as professor Strunk’s “attempt to cut the vast tangle of English rhetoric down to size and write its rules and principles on the head of a pin.” He privately published his pocket-sized list of grammar and composition rules for use at Cornell in 1919, and even after a century of additions and revisions, it remains skeletal and presumptive like a polished crib sheet. Reading it is like running up a hill: arduous ... yet rewarding. And read it we must, if it is to be any use as a reference, because it lacks the visual navigation aids of a true crib sheet. Its discerning wisdom is buried in the text and must be methodically unearthed. Critics cavil at its anachronistic prescriptions (“zombie rules”) such as “do not contact people; get in touch with them,” “avoid starting a sentence with however,” and ”The word people is best not used with words of number, in place of persons” (e.g. “10 persons” not “10 people”). Some even point out with relish that Strunk himself originally used which to introduce a restrictive relative clause within the same handbook proscribing the practice. Indeed, these anachronisms (mainly contained in part four - “Misused Words and Expressions”) demonstrate the book’s inadequacy as an introductory text of grammar and composition. However (wink), as a burgeoning writer seeking a grammar refresher, I found it felicitous. While it lacked the humor and wit of Patricia O’Conner’s Woe is I, it compensated with logical rationale, simplicity, and true insight. After all, “There is no satisfactory explanation of style, no infallible guide to good writing.” ”As you become proficient in the use of language, your style will emerge, because you yourself will emerge, and when this happens you will find it increasingly easy to break through the barriers that separate you from other minds, other hearts - which is, of course, the purpose of writing, as well as its principal reward.”

Almost everyone has to write things sometimes--reports, memos, term papers, a number of things. Writing is an essential part of professional (or student) life. This book is a must for anyone wanting to write well--not just for professional or aspiring writers. The book is less than 100 pages, yet it is so packed with useful information and advice that it will drastically change the way you look at writing. The central theme of the book is "Edit!" The first sections deal with the need to omit needless words, to trim and cut your writing to the bare essentials. After reading these sections, you will find yourself ruthlessly attacking your own writing, striking needless words, phrases, and paragraphs, and significantly improving your technique. There is also a section on the misuse of words--ways we typically use words out of context. There are many examples, and I don't doubt that even the best writer will find himself guilty of quite a few of them. All these sections were written by William Strunk. They were later edited by E.B. White (a student of his), who then added the fifth and final section of this book. White's is perhaps the most useful advice. He gives us a list of "reminders," rules to help us improve our writing. He counsels us to avoid clutter, avoid using too many big words, eliminate "qualifiers," and be clear, to name a few. This is wonderful advice, and an able conclusion to an already fascinating book. This work is absolutely indispensable to the writer, and extremely useful to anyone else wanting to write well. As Charles Osgood aptly put it, this book is "small enough and important enough to carry in your pocket, as I carry mine." Don't miss this one.

This book changed how I write and think about writing. It is less content focused but is invaluable as a writer for considering execution.

If you're an ex-English major like myself, then this helps you SOOO much. It's worth every dime and provides an interesting approach to professional communications. Business writing, marketing and PR writing, overall composition for Literature students. If you're someone who's studying English Lit, or creative/Professional writing for Pre-Law then this book highlights the fundamentals.

My dad gave me my first copy when I was 12 so I bought one for my kids. I love the white thick paper on this and the sturdy binding. It will stand up to rigorous use and travel. I tell my kids to carry this around for quick reference. They ignore me. Nothing beats its conciseness and credibility. Famed writer E.B. White edited it with William Strunk, his English professor at Cornell. You can't beat credentials like that. For the beginner writer, this is a quick read of all the essential rules of writing and grammar. Every office worker or person who will ever need to write a sentence should read this to avoid making simple mistakes. I referred to this when I was a lawyer, a journalist, and now a columnist. I've been writing for over 20 years and I still use this because I couldn't remember when to use Whom. Now I know. Again. Thanks Strunk and White.

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This is a very useful book. Have many practical advise to writ in such way that people understand what you want to say without suffering

Since studying at university and graduating, I have kept this book in arms reach on my work desk since! I’m not the best with grammar, and it’s so reassuring to be able to just quickly check something over if your unsure, particularly when writing papers or minutes in a professional capacity. It’s also really small and light, so could be kept in a handbag at all times! I think anyone studying in the English language should have a copy of this, from as young as possible, so they have the confidence to use grammar correctly, and to be able to define their writing style.

Un libretto di poche decine di pagine pieno di ottimi consigli per scrivere bene, cioè con efficacia, stile e correttezza. Da tenere come testo di consultazione assieme agli altri bei libri sulla scrittura efficace: "On Writing" di S. King, "Writing Tools" di R.P.Clark, "Scrivere bene" di W. Zinsser. E' disponibile anche la traduzione italiana, ma l'originale rimane insuperabile.

Great reading. Very helpful!